A flange is a mechanical device used to connect pipes, valves, pumps, and other equipment in a piping system. It provides strength, easy assembly/disassembly, and access for inspection, cleaning, or modification. Flanges are usually joined by bolting and sealed with a gasket.
Has a long tapered hub.
Welded to the pipe at the neck for high strength and smooth flow.
Best for high-pressure and high-temperature applications.
Pipe is inserted into the flange before welding.
Easier to align than weld neck but not as strong.
Common in low-pressure piping.
Pipe is inserted into a socket inside the flange and fillet welded.
Provides good strength but mainly for small-diameter, high-pressure pipes.
Used with a stub end.
The flange itself does not contact the fluid.
Allows easy dismantling → ideal for systems that need frequent inspection/cleaning.
Connected to the pipe using threads (no welding needed). Suitable for low-pressure and non-critical applications.
A solid disk used to close the end of a pipe or nozzle. Provides access for inspection/maintenance. Withstands high pressure.
Used to connect different pipe sizes. Acts as a flange and reducer in one piece.
Increases pipe bore size (opposite of reducing flange). Useful when pipe size changes at equipment connections.
Has holes for orifice plates and pressure taps. Used for measuring flow rate of fluids.
A pair of flanges shaped like spectacles (one open, one closed). Used in pipelines where flow needs to be periodically stopped.
Similar to weld neck but with a longer hub. Often used in vessels, columns, and high-pressure equipment.
A pipe is a tubular section or hollow cylinder, usually made from metals, plastics, concrete, or ceramics, that is used primarily to convey substances such as liquids, gases, or sometimes solid particles in slurry form. Pipes are essential components in water supply systems, oil and gas industries, chemical plants, HVAC systems, and domestic plumbing.
Pipe fittings are components used to connect, control, or terminate the flow in piping systems. They allow pipes to change direction, branch off, increase/decrease in size, or connect different materials.
They are made from materials such as steel, copper, brass, PVC, CPVC, HDPE, and cast iron, depending on the application (plumbing, oil & gas, irrigation, HVAC, etc.).
A flange is a mechanical device used to connect pipes, valves, pumps, and other equipment in a piping system. It provides strength, easy assembly/disassembly, and access for inspection, cleaning, or modification. Flanges are usually joined by bolting and sealed with a gasket.
Valves are mechanical devices used in piping systems to start, stop, regulate, or direct the flow of fluids (liquid, gas, or slurry).
A control valve is a type of valve used to regulate the flow rate, pressure, temperature, or liquid level in a piping system by varying the size of the flow passage. Unlike simple on/off valves (like gate or ball valves), a control valve works automatically it receives a signal from a controller and adjusts its opening to maintain the desired process condition.
Packing material is a sealing element used inside valves, pumps, and piping equipment to prevent fluid leakage along the moving parts (such as valve stems or pump shafts). It fills the space between the valve stem/shaft and the bonnet or stuffing box to form a tight seal, while still allowing movement.
A structural material is any material that is used to bear loads, provide strength, and ensure stability in structures like buildings, bridges, machines, pipelines, ships, and vehicles. The choice of material depends on strength, durability, weight, corrosion resistance, cost, and environmental factors.
A gauge is an instrument used to measure, indicate, or compare a physical quantity such as pressure, level, thickness, or diameter.
In engineering and manufacturing, gauges help ensure accuracy, safety, and quality control.
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