Valves are mechanical devices used in piping systems to start, stop, regulate, or direct the flow of fluids (liquid, gas, or slurry).
Function: Used for on/off control (fully open or fully closed).
Has a sliding gate (wedge) that blocks or allows flow.
Not suitable for throttling.
Common in water supply, oil, and gas pipelines.
Function: Used for throttling (flow regulation) and shutoff.
Has a disk that moves up and down against the flow.
Higher pressure drop compared to gate valves.
Common in cooling water, fuel, and chemical systems.
Function: Quick shutoff, quarter-turn operation (90°).
Uses a spherical ball with a hole through it.
Provides tight sealing, easy operation.
Common in gas lines, water systems, and compressed air.
Function: Used for on/off and throttling.
Has a disc that rotates (quarter-turn) inside the pipe.
Lightweight, compact, and cost-effective.
Common in water supply, HVAC, and fire protection.
Function: Allows flow in one direction only (prevents backflow).
Operates automatically (no hand operation).
Common in pumps, water systems, and compressors.
Function: Similar to ball valve, quarter-turn operation.
Uses a cylindrical or conical plug with a hole.
Good for quick operation but less efficient for throttling.
Function: Uses a flexible diaphragm to control flow.
Suitable for corrosive and slurry fluids.
Common in chemical and pharmaceutical industries.
Function: Automatically releases pressure when it exceeds a set limit.
Essential for boilers, compressors, and pressure vessels.
Function: Uses a pinching mechanism on a flexible tube to stop/allow flow.
Excellent for slurries, corrosive, and abrasive fluids.
Function: Used for precise flow control (fine adjustments).
Small size, common in instrumentation and fuel systems.
A pipe is a tubular section or hollow cylinder, usually made from metals, plastics, concrete, or ceramics, that is used primarily to convey substances such as liquids, gases, or sometimes solid particles in slurry form. Pipes are essential components in water supply systems, oil and gas industries, chemical plants, HVAC systems, and domestic plumbing.
Pipe fittings are components used to connect, control, or terminate the flow in piping systems. They allow pipes to change direction, branch off, increase/decrease in size, or connect different materials.
They are made from materials such as steel, copper, brass, PVC, CPVC, HDPE, and cast iron, depending on the application (plumbing, oil & gas, irrigation, HVAC, etc.).
A flange is a mechanical device used to connect pipes, valves, pumps, and other equipment in a piping system. It provides strength, easy assembly/disassembly, and access for inspection, cleaning, or modification. Flanges are usually joined by bolting and sealed with a gasket.
Valves are mechanical devices used in piping systems to start, stop, regulate, or direct the flow of fluids (liquid, gas, or slurry).
A control valve is a type of valve used to regulate the flow rate, pressure, temperature, or liquid level in a piping system by varying the size of the flow passage. Unlike simple on/off valves (like gate or ball valves), a control valve works automatically it receives a signal from a controller and adjusts its opening to maintain the desired process condition.
Packing material is a sealing element used inside valves, pumps, and piping equipment to prevent fluid leakage along the moving parts (such as valve stems or pump shafts). It fills the space between the valve stem/shaft and the bonnet or stuffing box to form a tight seal, while still allowing movement.
A structural material is any material that is used to bear loads, provide strength, and ensure stability in structures like buildings, bridges, machines, pipelines, ships, and vehicles. The choice of material depends on strength, durability, weight, corrosion resistance, cost, and environmental factors.
A gauge is an instrument used to measure, indicate, or compare a physical quantity such as pressure, level, thickness, or diameter.
In engineering and manufacturing, gauges help ensure accuracy, safety, and quality control.
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