Pipe fittings are components used to connect, control, or terminate the flow in piping systems. They allow pipes to change direction, branch off, increase/decrease in size, or connect different materials.
They are made from materials such as steel, copper, brass, PVC, CPVC, HDPE, and cast iron, depending on the application (plumbing, oil & gas, irrigation, HVAC, etc.).
Used to change the direction of flow.
Common angles: 45°, 90°, 180°.
Available as short-radius and long-radius types.
Has one inlet and two outlets (T-shape).
Used to branch the pipeline.
Types: Equal Tee (all openings same size), Reducing Tee (one outlet smaller).
Connects pipes of different diameters.
Concentric Reducer: Centerlines of pipes are the same.
Eccentric Reducer: Centerlines are offset (to prevent air pockets in horizontal pipes).
Used to join two pipes together.
Types: Full Coupling, Half Coupling, Reducing Coupling.
Similar to a coupling but allows quick disconnection (maintenance-friendly).
Has one inlet and three outlets (like a “+”).
Used in fire-fighting systems, sprinklers, and irrigation.
Used to close or terminate the end of a pipe.
Short length of pipe with male threads on both ends.
Used for small-length connections.
9. Bend
Like an elbow but has a larger radius for smooth flow (less pressure drop).
Controls the flow of liquid/gas.
Types: Gate Valve, Ball Valve, Globe Valve, Butterfly Valve, Check Valve.
A pipe is a tubular section or hollow cylinder, usually made from metals, plastics, concrete, or ceramics, that is used primarily to convey substances such as liquids, gases, or sometimes solid particles in slurry form. Pipes are essential components in water supply systems, oil and gas industries, chemical plants, HVAC systems, and domestic plumbing.
Pipe fittings are components used to connect, control, or terminate the flow in piping systems. They allow pipes to change direction, branch off, increase/decrease in size, or connect different materials.
They are made from materials such as steel, copper, brass, PVC, CPVC, HDPE, and cast iron, depending on the application (plumbing, oil & gas, irrigation, HVAC, etc.).
A flange is a mechanical device used to connect pipes, valves, pumps, and other equipment in a piping system. It provides strength, easy assembly/disassembly, and access for inspection, cleaning, or modification. Flanges are usually joined by bolting and sealed with a gasket.
Valves are mechanical devices used in piping systems to start, stop, regulate, or direct the flow of fluids (liquid, gas, or slurry).
A control valve is a type of valve used to regulate the flow rate, pressure, temperature, or liquid level in a piping system by varying the size of the flow passage. Unlike simple on/off valves (like gate or ball valves), a control valve works automatically it receives a signal from a controller and adjusts its opening to maintain the desired process condition.
Packing material is a sealing element used inside valves, pumps, and piping equipment to prevent fluid leakage along the moving parts (such as valve stems or pump shafts). It fills the space between the valve stem/shaft and the bonnet or stuffing box to form a tight seal, while still allowing movement.
A structural material is any material that is used to bear loads, provide strength, and ensure stability in structures like buildings, bridges, machines, pipelines, ships, and vehicles. The choice of material depends on strength, durability, weight, corrosion resistance, cost, and environmental factors.
A gauge is an instrument used to measure, indicate, or compare a physical quantity such as pressure, level, thickness, or diameter.
In engineering and manufacturing, gauges help ensure accuracy, safety, and quality control.
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