A pipe is a tubular section or hollow cylinder, usually made from metals, plastics, concrete, or ceramics, that is used primarily to convey substances such as liquids, gases, or sometimes solid particles in slurry form. Pipes are essential components in water supply systems, oil and gas industries, chemical plants, HVAC systems, and domestic plumbing.
Pipes differ from tubes mainly in the way they are measured: pipes are usually designated by internal diameter (ID), whereas tubes are measured by outer diameter (OD). They can be manufactured in various shapes (round, square, rectangular), but round pipes are the most common because they can withstand internal pressure more effectively.
Cast Iron Pipes
Common in drainage and sewage systems.
Strong, durable, but heavy and prone to corrosion.
Steel Pipes
Galvanized Iron (GI) Pipes: Coated with zinc to resist rust, used in water supply lines.
Mild Steel (MS) Pipes: Widely used in industrial applications.
Stainless Steel Pipes: Resistant to corrosion, used in chemical, food, and pharmaceutical industries.
Copper Pipes
Durable, corrosion-resistant, commonly used in hot and cold water systems.
Excellent for hot and cold water supply.
Resistant to corrosion and long-lasting, but costly.
PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) Pipes
Lightweight, corrosion-resistant, widely used for cold-water supply and drainage.
CPVC (Chlorinated PVC) Pipes
Can handle both hot and cold water.
UPVC (Unplasticized PVC) Pipes
Stronger version of PVC, used in water supply and irrigation.
HDPE (High-Density Polyethylene) Pipes
Flexible, durable, used in gas, water, and agricultural supply systems.
PEX (Cross-linked Polyethylene) Pipes
Popular in modern plumbing for hot/cold water and underfloor heating.
Plain Concrete Pipes
Used for low-pressure applications like drainage.
Reinforced Concrete Pipes (RCC Pipes)
Strong, used for high-pressure water, sewage, and culverts.
A pipe is a tubular section or hollow cylinder, usually made from metals, plastics, concrete, or ceramics, that is used primarily to convey substances such as liquids, gases, or sometimes solid particles in slurry form. Pipes are essential components in water supply systems, oil and gas industries, chemical plants, HVAC systems, and domestic plumbing.
Pipe fittings are components used to connect, control, or terminate the flow in piping systems. They allow pipes to change direction, branch off, increase/decrease in size, or connect different materials.
They are made from materials such as steel, copper, brass, PVC, CPVC, HDPE, and cast iron, depending on the application (plumbing, oil & gas, irrigation, HVAC, etc.).
A flange is a mechanical device used to connect pipes, valves, pumps, and other equipment in a piping system. It provides strength, easy assembly/disassembly, and access for inspection, cleaning, or modification. Flanges are usually joined by bolting and sealed with a gasket.
Valves are mechanical devices used in piping systems to start, stop, regulate, or direct the flow of fluids (liquid, gas, or slurry).
A control valve is a type of valve used to regulate the flow rate, pressure, temperature, or liquid level in a piping system by varying the size of the flow passage. Unlike simple on/off valves (like gate or ball valves), a control valve works automatically it receives a signal from a controller and adjusts its opening to maintain the desired process condition.
Packing material is a sealing element used inside valves, pumps, and piping equipment to prevent fluid leakage along the moving parts (such as valve stems or pump shafts). It fills the space between the valve stem/shaft and the bonnet or stuffing box to form a tight seal, while still allowing movement.
A structural material is any material that is used to bear loads, provide strength, and ensure stability in structures like buildings, bridges, machines, pipelines, ships, and vehicles. The choice of material depends on strength, durability, weight, corrosion resistance, cost, and environmental factors.
A gauge is an instrument used to measure, indicate, or compare a physical quantity such as pressure, level, thickness, or diameter.
In engineering and manufacturing, gauges help ensure accuracy, safety, and quality control.
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